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1 paying enterprise
1) Математика: рентабельное предприятие2) Экономика: доходное предприятие -
2 paying enterprise
English-russian dctionary of contemporary Economics > paying enterprise
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3 enterprise
n1) предприятие
- agro-industrial enterprise
- ailing enterprise
- artisan enterprise
- auxiliary enterprise
- bankrupt enterprise
- business enterprise
- collective enterprise
- commercial enterprise
- commercial manufacturing enterprise
- competitive enterprise
- concessional enterprise
- cooperating enterprise
- cooperative enterprise
- corporate enterprise
- debtor enterprise
- defaulted enterprise
- defaulter enterprise
- derfaulting enterprise
- diversified enterprise
- domestic enterprise
- export enterprise
- family-owned enterprise
- faltering enterprise
- farm enterprise
- farming enterprise
- foreign enterprise
- foreign trade enterprise
- free enterprise
- fuel and energy enterprise
- governmental enterprise
- government-owned enterprise
- group enterprise
- income-generating enterprise
- income-producing enterprise
- incorporated enterprise
- independent enterprise
- industrial enterprise
- insurance enterprise
- integrated enterprise
- joint enterprise
- large enterprise
- large-scale enterprise
- leading enterprise
- leased enterprise
- loss-making enterprise
- main enterprise
- manufacturing enterprise
- medium-sized enterprise
- mixed enterprise
- monopoly enterprise
- motor transport enterprise
- multi-activity enterprise
- multinational enterprise
- municipal enterprise
- mushroom enterprise
- national enterprise
- nationalized enterprise
- operating enterprise
- parent enterprise
- partner enterprise
- paying enterprise
- private enterprise
- privately-owned enterprise
- privatized enterprise
- processing enterprise
- profitable enterprise
- profit-making enterprise
- public enterprise
- publicly-owned enterprise
- public sector enterprise
- related enterprise
- remunerative enterprise
- risky enterprise
- rival enterprise
- self-governed and self-financing enterprise
- shipping enterprise
- small enterprise
- small-scale enterprise
- state enterprise
- state-owned enterprise
- state-owned commercial enterprise
- state unitary enterprise
- subordinate enterprise
- subsidiary enterprise
- subsidized enterprise
- trade enterprise
- trading enterprise
- transnational enterprise
- unincorporated enterprise
- unitary enterprise
- unprofitable enterprise
- upcoming enterprise
- urban development enterprise
- wholesale enterprise
- enterprise in deafult
- enterprise in duress
- on the balance sheet of an enterprise
- abandon an enterprise
- close down an enterprise
- declare an enterprise financially solvent
- establish an enterprise
- hold an enterprise
- launch an enterprise
- make an enterprise bankrupt
- run an enterprise
- sell an enterprise by auctionEnglish-russian dctionary of contemporary Economics > enterprise
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4 хозрасчетное предприятие
Большой англо-русский и русско-английский словарь > хозрасчетное предприятие
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5 pay
1. I1) he owes it and must pay он должен /задолжал/ и обязан заплатить; who is paying? кто платит?2) this work (the business, the shop, farming, this enterprise, etc.) pays (does not pay) эта работа и т.д. (не) окупается / (не) оправдывает себя/; how to make business pay? как сделать предприятие рентабельным?2. II1) pay in some manner pay willingly (reluctantly, grudgingly, handsomely, inadequately, punctually, etc.) платить /выплачивать/ охотно и т.д.; pay monthly (annually, etc.) платить /выплачивать/ ежемесячно и т.д.; pay at some time I shall pay soon (at once, next week, etc.) я скоро и т.д. заплачу2) pay in some manner this work pays well эта работа выгодна; the mine is paying fairly well эта выработка приносит довольно хороший доход3. III1) pay smb., smth. pay the dressmaker (the tailor, the workmen, a teacher, the electric light company, etc.) платить портнихе и т.д., расплачиваться с портнихой и т.д.; pay the money (the deposit of t 10, the monthly rent, etc.) платить деньги и т.д.; pay an account (a bill) заплатить по счету, расплатиться; pay one's dues внести взносы; pay debts выплачивать долги; pay one's passage (one's bus fare, etc.) платить за проезд и т.д., оплачивать проезд и т.д.; pay one's college вносить плату за обучение в колледже; pay wages платить /выплачивать/ зарплату; pay a subscription уплатить за подписку; I had to pay an extra five roubles мне надо было доплатить пять рублей; pay damages оплачивать /возмещать/ убытки2) pay smb., smth. the job does not pay me эта работа невыгодна; the stock pays 4 per cent эти акции дают /приносят/ четыре процента прибыли4. IVpay smb. in some manner pay smb. liberally (handsomely, meagerly, grudgingly, etc.) платить кому-л. /расплачиваться с кем-л./ щедро и т.д.; pay smth. in some manner pay smth. promptly (partially, grudgingly, etc.) платить /выплачивать/ что-л. аккуратно и т.д.; pay smb., smth. at some time pay smb. at once немедленно /тут же, сразу же/ заплатить кому-л. /расплатиться с кем-л./; he hasn't paid the doctor yet он еще не заплатил врачу /не расплатился с врачом/5. Vpay smb. smth. pay smb. the money one owes заплатить кому-л. долг; pay me the money you owe me верни мне долг /деньги, которые ты должен/; pay smb. an annuity выплачивать кому-л. ренту6. VIIpay smb. to do smth. I pay smb. to mow the lawn (to dig a hole, to baby-sit, etc.) платить кому-л., чтобы он постриг газон и т.д.; they paid him ten pounds to hold his tongue ему заплатили десять фунтов, чтобы он держал язык за зубами; you could not pay me to do that я не сделаю этого ни за какие деньги2)it would not pay me to take that job мне не стоит /не имеет смысла/ брать эту работу; it would pay you to be more careful вам не мешало бы быть поосторожнее; does it pay them to employ such a large stuff? выгодно ли им иметь такой большой штат?7. XIbe paid in some manner he was amply (fabulously) paid ему хорошо (баснословно много) платили; they are generally paid by the distance and not by the time им обычно платят за пройденное расстояние, а не за время; get paid at some time when do you get paid? когда вы получаете зарплату?, когда у вас получка?; get paid for doing smth. do you get paid for baby-sitting? вам платят за то, что вы сидите с ребенком?; be paid at some time we are paid on Fridays мы получаем зарплату по пятницам; when are we going to be paid? когда с нами будут рассчитываться /нам заплатят/?; my subscription is paid to January у меня подписка оплачена до января; freight to be paid before departure [груз] к оплате до отправки (надпись); be paid for the work has been paid for работа уже оплачена; he dislikes to be invited and paid for он терпеть не может, когда его приглашают и за него платят8. XIIIit pays to do smth. it pays to buy good things есть смысл /стоит/ покупать хорошие вещи; it pays to advertize реклама себя оправдывает; it pays to be polite вежливость окупается сторицей; it does not pay to spend too much money on this work не стоит тратить слишком много денег на эту работу; it doesn't pay to get angry злиться не стоит9. XVIpay for smth. pay for the house (for the car, for smb.'s services, for the damage, for the loss, for smb.'s education /schooling/, for board, for a year's subscription, etc.) платить /вносить плату/ за дом и т.д.; he is not paying well for our labour он мало платит за ваш труд; we are paying for the room by the day мы оплачиваем комнату посуточно /поденно/;for one's mistakes (for one's folly, for one's sins, for one's cruelty, for one's idleness, for one's inexperience, etc.) расплачиваться за свои ошибки и т.д.; pay dearly for what one has done дорого заплатить за то, что сделал; he paid for it with his life он поплатился /заплатил/ за это своей жизнью; he paid for his negligence by losing bis situation он потерял работу из-за своей халатности; I'll make him pay for this! он у меня еще за это поплатится!; pay for smb. I shall pay for you я за вас заплачу /расплачусь/; she always pays for herself она всегда платит сама за себя; pay in /by, into/ smth. pay in cash (in ready money, in silver, in kind, etc.) заплатить наличными и т.д.; pay in full (in part) расплачиваться полностью (по частям); you can pay in /by/ instalments вы можете платить /выплачивать/ частями /в рассрочку/; pay in advance заплатить /оплатить/ вперед, заплатить /расплатиться/ заблаговременно; pay into smb.'s account внести деньги на чей-л. счет; pay by cheque оплатить чеком; pay out of smth. pay out of one's own pocket (out of public money, out of the fund, etc.) платить /расплачиваться/ из собственного кармана и т.д.; pay by smth. pay by the hour платить за каждый час, выплачивать почасовые; pay by the year платить [один] раз в год; they pay by the distance (by the time) они платят в зависимости от [пройденного] расстояния (в соответствии с затраченным временем); pay at /in/ smth. pay at the gate (at the turnstile, in the doorway, etc.) платить у ворот и т.д.; pay on smth. pay on delivery оплатить при доставке10. XVIIIpay for oneself pay for itself окупаться, оправдывать расходы; this machine will pay for itself soon эта машина очень скоро себя окупит /окупится/11. XXI1pay smth. for smth. pay a hundred guineas (a lot of money, extra money, too much, etc.) for smth. платить сто гиней и т.д. за что-л.; how much did you pay for your car (for that book, etc.)? сколько вы заплатили за свою машину и т.д.? pay smth. on smth. pay customs duties on imported articles платить пошлину на ввозимые товары; pay interest on public loans платить проценты по займам; pay smth. into smth. pay money into the bank (a sum into your account, taxes into the treasury, etc.) вносить деньги в банк и т.д.; pay smth. with smth. pay a debt with interest вернуть долг с процентами; pay kindness with evil платить злом за добро; pay smth. in smth. pay part of the sum in cash (the rest of the debt in bills, one's debts in four instalments, etc.) заплатить /выплатить/ часть суммы наличными и т.д.; pay smb. in smth. pay smb. in his own coin отплатить кому-л. той же монетой; pay smb. in full полностью расплатиться с кем-л.; pay smb. by smth. pay smb. by the time (by the year, by the hour, etc.) платить кому-л. в зависимости от затраченного времени и т.д.; pay smb., smth. for smth. pay smb. for the work (for his services, for the car, for the painting, etc..) платить кому-л. за работу и т.д.; pay the teacher five dollars for a lesson платить учителю пять долларов за урок; pay smb. for the trouble (for the insults, etc.) отплачивать кому-л. за причиненное беспокойство и т.д.; pay smth. to smb. pay interest to a creditor платить кредитору проценты; pay smth. for smb. he paid five dollars for me он заплатил за меня пять долларов; he paid my debts for me он выплатил мои долги; pay smb. out of smth. pay smb. out of the town funds (out of the public money, out of one's own pocket, etc.) платить кому-л. из городских фондов и т.д. || pay one's respects to smb. засвидетельствовать свое почтение кому-л.; pay a call on smb. наносить визит кому-л.; pay a visit to smb. посещать кого-л.12. XXIV1pay smth. as smth. pay some money as expenses for the evening внести определенную сумму на покрытие расходов за вечер13. XXV -
6 profitable
1. a полезный2. a прибыльный, выгодный, доходный, рентабельныйСинонимический ряд:advantageous (adj.) advantageous; auspicious; beneficial; favorable; favourable; fruitful; gainful; good; lucrative; moneymaking; paying; propitious; remunerative; rewarding; serviceable; useful; well-paying; worthwhileАнтонимический ряд:detrimental; useless -
7 near cash
!гос. фин. The resource budget contains a separate control total for “near cash” expenditure, that is expenditure such as pay and current grants which impacts directly on the measure of the golden rule.This paper provides background information on the framework for the planning and control of public expenditure in the UK which has been operated since the 1998 Comprehensive Spending Review (CSR). It sets out the different classifications of spending for budgeting purposes and why these distinctions have been adopted. It discusses how the public expenditure framework is designed to ensure both sound public finances and an outcome-focused approach to public expenditure.The UK's public spending framework is based on several key principles:"consistency with a long-term, prudent and transparent regime for managing the public finances as a whole;" "the judgement of success by policy outcomes rather than resource inputs;" "strong incentives for departments and their partners in service delivery to plan over several years and plan together where appropriate so as to deliver better public services with greater cost effectiveness; and"the proper costing and management of capital assets to provide the right incentives for public investment.The Government sets policy to meet two firm fiscal rules:"the Golden Rule states that over the economic cycle, the Government will borrow only to invest and not to fund current spending; and"the Sustainable Investment Rule states that net public debt as a proportion of GDP will be held over the economic cycle at a stable and prudent level. Other things being equal, net debt will be maintained below 40 per cent of GDP over the economic cycle.Achievement of the fiscal rules is assessed by reference to the national accounts, which are produced by the Office for National Statistics, acting as an independent agency. The Government sets its spending envelope to comply with these fiscal rules.Departmental Expenditure Limits ( DEL) and Annually Managed Expenditure (AME)"Departmental Expenditure Limit ( DEL) spending, which is planned and controlled on a three year basis in Spending Reviews; and"Annually Managed Expenditure ( AME), which is expenditure which cannot reasonably be subject to firm, multi-year limits in the same way as DEL. AME includes social security benefits, local authority self-financed expenditure, debt interest, and payments to EU institutions.More information about DEL and AME is set out below.In Spending Reviews, firm DEL plans are set for departments for three years. To ensure consistency with the Government's fiscal rules departments are set separate resource (current) and capital budgets. The resource budget contains a separate control total for “near cash” expenditure, that is expenditure such as pay and current grants which impacts directly on the measure of the golden rule.To encourage departments to plan over the medium term departments may carry forward unspent DEL provision from one year into the next and, subject to the normal tests for tautness and realism of plans, may be drawn down in future years. This end-year flexibility also removes any incentive for departments to use up their provision as the year end approaches with less regard to value for money. For the full benefits of this flexibility and of three year plans to feed through into improved public service delivery, end-year flexibility and three year budgets should be cascaded from departments to executive agencies and other budget holders.Three year budgets and end-year flexibility give those managing public services the stability to plan their operations on a sensible time scale. Further, the system means that departments cannot seek to bid up funds each year (before 1997, three year plans were set and reviewed in annual Public Expenditure Surveys). So the credibility of medium-term plans has been enhanced at both central and departmental level.Departments have certainty over the budgetary allocation over the medium term and these multi-year DEL plans are strictly enforced. Departments are expected to prioritise competing pressures and fund these within their overall annual limits, as set in Spending Reviews. So the DEL system provides a strong incentive to control costs and maximise value for money.There is a small centrally held DEL Reserve. Support from the Reserve is available only for genuinely unforeseeable contingencies which departments cannot be expected to manage within their DEL.AME typically consists of programmes which are large, volatile and demand-led, and which therefore cannot reasonably be subject to firm multi-year limits. The biggest single element is social security spending. Other items include tax credits, Local Authority Self Financed Expenditure, Scottish Executive spending financed by non-domestic rates, and spending financed from the proceeds of the National Lottery.AME is reviewed twice a year as part of the Budget and Pre-Budget Report process reflecting the close integration of the tax and benefit system, which was enhanced by the introduction of tax credits.AME is not subject to the same three year expenditure limits as DEL, but is still part of the overall envelope for public expenditure. Affordability is taken into account when policy decisions affecting AME are made. The Government has committed itself not to take policy measures which are likely to have the effect of increasing social security or other elements of AME without taking steps to ensure that the effects of those decisions can be accommodated prudently within the Government's fiscal rules.Given an overall envelope for public spending, forecasts of AME affect the level of resources available for DEL spending. Cautious estimates and the AME margin are built in to these AME forecasts and reduce the risk of overspending on AME.Together, DEL plus AME sum to Total Managed Expenditure (TME). TME is a measure drawn from national accounts. It represents the current and capital spending of the public sector. The public sector is made up of central government, local government and public corporations.Resource and Capital Budgets are set in terms of accruals information. Accruals information measures resources as they are consumed rather than when the cash is paid. So for example the Resource Budget includes a charge for depreciation, a measure of the consumption or wearing out of capital assets."Non cash charges in budgets do not impact directly on the fiscal framework. That may be because the national accounts use a different way of measuring the same thing, for example in the case of the depreciation of departmental assets. Or it may be that the national accounts measure something different: for example, resource budgets include a cost of capital charge reflecting the opportunity cost of holding capital; the national accounts include debt interest."Within the Resource Budget DEL, departments have separate controls on:"Near cash spending, the sub set of Resource Budgets which impacts directly on the Golden Rule; and"The amount of their Resource Budget DEL that departments may spend on running themselves (e.g. paying most civil servants’ salaries) is limited by Administration Budgets, which are set in Spending Reviews. Administration Budgets are used to ensure that as much money as practicable is available for front line services and programmes. These budgets also help to drive efficiency improvements in departments’ own activities. Administration Budgets exclude the costs of frontline services delivered directly by departments.The Budget preceding a Spending Review sets an overall envelope for public spending that is consistent with the fiscal rules for the period covered by the Spending Review. In the Spending Review, the Budget AME forecast for year one of the Spending Review period is updated, and AME forecasts are made for the later years of the Spending Review period.The 1998 Comprehensive Spending Review ( CSR), which was published in July 1998, was a comprehensive review of departmental aims and objectives alongside a zero-based analysis of each spending programme to determine the best way of delivering the Government's objectives. The 1998 CSR allocated substantial additional resources to the Government's key priorities, particularly education and health, for the three year period from 1999-2000 to 2001-02.Delivering better public services does not just depend on how much money the Government spends, but also on how well it spends it. Therefore the 1998 CSR introduced Public Service Agreements (PSAs). Each major government department was given its own PSA setting out clear targets for achievements in terms of public service improvements.The 1998 CSR also introduced the DEL/ AME framework for the control of public spending, and made other framework changes. Building on the investment and reforms delivered by the 1998 CSR, successive spending reviews in 2000, 2002 and 2004 have:"provided significant increase in resources for the Government’s priorities, in particular health and education, and cross-cutting themes such as raising productivity; extending opportunity; and building strong and secure communities;" "enabled the Government significantly to increase investment in public assets and address the legacy of under investment from past decades. Departmental Investment Strategies were introduced in SR2000. As a result there has been a steady increase in public sector net investment from less than ¾ of a per cent of GDP in 1997-98 to 2¼ per cent of GDP in 2005-06, providing better infrastructure across public services;" "introduced further refinements to the performance management framework. PSA targets have been reduced in number over successive spending reviews from around 300 to 110 to give greater focus to the Government’s highest priorities. The targets have become increasingly outcome-focused to deliver further improvements in key areas of public service delivery across Government. They have also been refined in line with the conclusions of the Devolving Decision Making Review to provide a framework which encourages greater devolution and local flexibility. Technical Notes were introduced in SR2000 explaining how performance against each PSA target will be measured; and"not only allocated near cash spending to departments, but also – since SR2002 - set Resource DEL plans for non cash spending.To identify what further investments and reforms are needed to equip the UK for the global challenges of the decade ahead, on 19 July 2005 the Chief Secretary to the Treasury announced that the Government intends to launch a second Comprehensive Spending Review (CSR) reporting in 2007.A decade on from the first CSR, the 2007 CSR will represent a long-term and fundamental review of government expenditure. It will cover departmental allocations for 2008-09, 2009-10 and 2010 11. Allocations for 2007-08 will be held to the agreed figures already announced by the 2004 Spending Review. To provide a rigorous analytical framework for these departmental allocations, the Government will be taking forward a programme of preparatory work over 2006 involving:"an assessment of what the sustained increases in spending and reforms to public service delivery have achieved since the first CSR. The assessment will inform the setting of new objectives for the decade ahead;" "an examination of the key long-term trends and challenges that will shape the next decade – including demographic and socio-economic change, globalisation, climate and environmental change, global insecurity and technological change – together with an assessment of how public services will need to respond;" "to release the resources needed to address these challenges, and to continue to secure maximum value for money from public spending over the CSR period, a set of zero-based reviews of departments’ baseline expenditure to assess its effectiveness in delivering the Government’s long-term objectives; together with"further development of the efficiency programme, building on the cross cutting areas identified in the Gershon Review, to embed and extend ongoing efficiency savings into departmental expenditure planning.The 2007 CSR also offers the opportunity to continue to refine the PSA framework so that it drives effective delivery and the attainment of ambitious national standards.Public Service Agreements (PSAs) were introduced in the 1998 CSR. They set out agreed targets detailing the outputs and outcomes departments are expected to deliver with the resources allocated to them. The new spending regime places a strong emphasis on outcome targets, for example in providing for better health and higher educational standards or service standards. The introduction in SR2004 of PSA ‘standards’ will ensure that high standards in priority areas are maintained.The Government monitors progress against PSA targets, and departments report in detail twice a year in their annual Departmental Reports (published in spring) and in their autumn performance reports. These reports provide Parliament and the public with regular updates on departments’ performance against their targets.Technical Notes explain how performance against each PSA target will be measured.To make the most of both new investment and existing assets, there needs to be a coherent long term strategy against which investment decisions are taken. Departmental Investment Strategies (DIS) set out each department's plans to deliver the scale and quality of capital stock needed to underpin its objectives. The DIS includes information about the department's existing capital stock and future plans for that stock, as well as plans for new investment. It also sets out the systems that the department has in place to ensure that it delivers its capital programmes effectively.This document was updated on 19 December 2005.Near-cash resource expenditure that has a related cash implication, even though the timing of the cash payment may be slightly different. For example, expenditure on gas or electricity supply is incurred as the fuel is used, though the cash payment might be made in arrears on aquarterly basis. Other examples of near-cash expenditure are: pay, rental.Net cash requirement the upper limit agreed by Parliament on the cash which a department may draw from theConsolidated Fund to finance the expenditure within the ambit of its Request forResources. It is equal to the agreed amount of net resources and net capital less non-cashitems and working capital.Non-cash cost costs where there is no cash transaction but which are included in a body’s accounts (or taken into account in charging for a service) to establish the true cost of all the resourcesused.Non-departmental a body which has a role in the processes of government, but is not a government public body, NDPBdepartment or part of one. NDPBs accordingly operate at arm’s length from governmentMinisters.Notional cost of a cost which is taken into account in setting fees and charges to improve comparability with insuranceprivate sector service providers.The charge takes account of the fact that public bodies donot generally pay an insurance premium to a commercial insurer.the independent body responsible for collecting and publishing official statistics about theUK’s society and economy. (At the time of going to print legislation was progressing tochange this body to the Statistics Board).Office of Government an office of the Treasury, with a status similar to that of an agency, which aims to maximise Commerce, OGCthe government’s purchasing power for routine items and combine professional expertiseto bear on capital projects.Office of the the government department responsible for discharging the Paymaster General’s statutoryPaymaster General,responsibilities to hold accounts and make payments for government departments and OPGother public bodies.Orange bookthe informal title for Management of Risks: Principles and Concepts, which is published by theTreasury for the guidance of public sector bodies.Office for NationalStatistics, ONS60Managing Public Money————————————————————————————————————————"GLOSSARYOverdraftan account with a negative balance.Parliament’s formal agreement to authorise an activity or expenditure.Prerogative powerspowers exercisable under the Royal Prerogative, ie powers which are unique to the Crown,as contrasted with common-law powers which may be available to the Crown on the samebasis as to natural persons.Primary legislationActs which have been passed by the Westminster Parliament and, where they haveappropriate powers, the Scottish Parliament and the Northern Ireland Assembly. Begin asBills until they have received Royal Assent.arrangements under which a public sector organisation contracts with a private sectorentity to construct a facility and provide associated services of a specified quality over asustained period. See annex 7.5.Proprietythe principle that patterns of resource consumption should respect Parliament’s intentions,conventions and control procedures, including any laid down by the PAC. See box 2.4.Public Accountssee Committee of Public Accounts.CommitteePublic corporationa trading body controlled by central government, local authority or other publiccorporation that has substantial day to day operating independence. See section 7.8.Public Dividend finance provided by government to public sector bodies as an equity stake; an alternative to Capital, PDCloan finance.Public Service sets out what the public can expect the government to deliver with its resources. EveryAgreement, PSAlarge government department has PSA(s) which specify deliverables as targets or aimsrelated to objectives.a structured arrangement between a public sector and a private sector organisation tosecure an outcome delivering good value for money for the public sector. It is classified tothe public or private sector according to which has more control.Rate of returnthe financial remuneration delivered by a particular project or enterprise, expressed as apercentage of the net assets employed.Regularitythe principle that resource consumption should accord with the relevant legislation, therelevant delegated authority and this document. See box 2.4.Request for the functional level into which departmental Estimates may be split. RfRs contain a number Resources, RfRof functions being carried out by the department in pursuit of one or more of thatdepartment’s objectives.Resource accountan accruals account produced in line with the Financial Reporting Manual (FReM).Resource accountingthe system under which budgets, Estimates and accounts are constructed in a similar wayto commercial audited accounts, so that both plans and records of expenditure allow in fullfor the goods and services which are to be, or have been, consumed – ie not just the cashexpended.Resource budgetthe means by which the government plans and controls the expenditure of resources tomeet its objectives.Restitutiona legal concept which allows money and property to be returned to its rightful owner. Ittypically operates where another person can be said to have been unjustly enriched byreceiving such monies.Return on capital the ratio of profit to capital employed of an accounting entity during an identified period.employed, ROCEVarious measures of profit and of capital employed may be used in calculating the ratio.Public Privatepartnership, PPPPrivate Finance Initiative, PFIParliamentaryauthority61Managing Public Money"————————————————————————————————————————GLOSSARYRoyal charterthe document setting out the powers and constitution of a corporation established underprerogative power of the monarch acting on Privy Council advice.Second readingthe second formal time that a House of Parliament may debate a bill, although in practicethe first substantive debate on its content. If successful, it is deemed to denoteParliamentary approval of the principle of the proposed legislation.Secondary legislationlaws, including orders and regulations, which are made using powers in primary legislation.Normally used to set out technical and administrative provision in greater detail thanprimary legislation, they are subject to a less intense level of scrutiny in Parliament.European legislation is,however,often implemented in secondary legislation using powers inthe European Communities Act 1972.Service-level agreement between parties, setting out in detail the level of service to be performed.agreementWhere agreements are between central government bodies, they are not legally a contractbut have a similar function.Shareholder Executive a body created to improve the government’s performance as a shareholder in businesses.Spending reviewsets out the key improvements in public services that the public can expect over a givenperiod. It includes a thorough review of departmental aims and objectives to find the bestway of delivering the government’s objectives, and sets out the spending plans for the givenperiod.State aidstate support for a domestic body or company which could distort EU competition and sois not usually allowed. See annex 4.9.Statement of Excessa formal statement detailing departments’ overspends prepared by the Comptroller andAuditor General as a result of undertaking annual audits.Statement on Internal an annual statement that Accounting Officers are required to make as part of the accounts Control, SICon a range of risk and control issues.Subheadindividual elements of departmental expenditure identifiable in Estimates as single cells, forexample cell A1 being administration costs within a particular line of departmental spending.Supplyresources voted by Parliament in response to Estimates, for expenditure by governmentdepartments.Supply Estimatesa statement of the resources the government needs in the coming financial year, and forwhat purpose(s), by which Parliamentary authority is sought for the planned level ofexpenditure and income.Target rate of returnthe rate of return required of a project or enterprise over a given period, usually at least a year.Third sectorprivate sector bodies which do not act commercially,including charities,social and voluntaryorganisations and other not-for-profit collectives. See annex 7.7.Total Managed a Treasury budgeting term which covers all current and capital spending carried out by the Expenditure,TMEpublic sector (ie not just by central departments).Trading fundan organisation (either within a government department or forming one) which is largely orwholly financed from commercial revenue generated by its activities. Its Estimate shows itsnet impact, allowing its income from receipts to be devoted entirely to its business.Treasury Minutea formal administrative document drawn up by the Treasury, which may serve a wide varietyof purposes including seeking Parliamentary approval for the use of receipts asappropriations in aid, a remission of some or all of the principal of voted loans, andresponding on behalf of the government to reports by the Public Accounts Committee(PAC).62Managing Public Money————————————————————————————————————————GLOSSARY63Managing Public MoneyValue for moneythe process under which organisation’s procurement, projects and processes aresystematically evaluated and assessed to provide confidence about suitability, effectiveness,prudence,quality,value and avoidance of error and other waste,judged for the public sectoras a whole.Virementthe process through which funds are moved between subheads such that additionalexpenditure on one is met by savings on one or more others.Votethe process by which Parliament approves funds in response to supply Estimates.Voted expenditureprovision for expenditure that has been authorised by Parliament. Parliament ‘votes’authority for public expenditure through the Supply Estimates process. Most expenditureby central government departments is authorised in this way.Wider market activity activities undertaken by central government organisations outside their statutory duties,using spare capacity and aimed at generating a commercial profit. See annex 7.6.Windfallmonies received by a department which were not anticipated in the spending review.———————————————————————————————————————— -
8 доходность
жен. yieldдоходн|ость - ж. profit-making capacity, profit-ableness;
~ предприятия the capacity of an enterprise to make a profit;
~ый
1. credit attr. ;
~ая статья бюджета revenue item;
2. (прибыльный) profit-yielding, profitable, paying, remunerative;
~ая отрасль хозяйства profitable branch of the economy.Большой англо-русский и русско-английский словарь > доходность
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9 прибыль
жен.
1) profit(s), gain, benefit, increment;
return получать прибыль( от кого-л./чего-л.) ≈ to get a profit (out of), to receive a profit (from) ;
to profit (by/from) участник в прибылях ≈ copartner большая прибыль ≈ killing разг. баснословные прибыли ≈ fantastical profits извлекать прибыль ≈ to profit (by/from) приносить прибыль ≈ to make a profit чистая прибыль ≈ net/clear profit получать чистую прибыль ≈ clear валовая прибыль ≈ gross profit размер прибыли ≈ profit margin
2) (увеличение) rise, increase вода идет на прибыль ≈ the water is rising прибыль населения ≈ increase of populationприбыл|ь - ж.
1. (доход) profit(s) (pl.), dividend, drawing, earnings pl., gain(s) (pl.), income, overplus;
балансовая ~ balance profit;
бухгалтерская ~ book profit;
валовая ~ gross profit, gross margin;
добавочная ~ extra profit;
избыточная ~ surplus profit;
минимальная ~ minimum-survival profit;
монопольная ~ monopoly profit;
наивысшая ~ top gain(s) (pl.) ;
непредвиденная ~ windfall profit;
нераспределённая ~ undivided profit;
облагаемая ~ taxable profit;
объявленная ~ declared profit;
ожидаемая ~ expected profit;
остаточная ~ net profit;
относительная ~ relative profit;
плановая ~ planned profit;
постоянная ~ fixed return;
расчётная ~ estimated profit;
сверхплановая ~ above-plan profit;
сметная ~ estimated profit;
спекулятивная ~ speculative profit;
средняя ~ average profit;
торговая ~ commercial/trading profit;
упущенная ~ missed profit;
устойчивая ~ sustained profit;
фиктивная ~ fictitious profit;
чистая ~ net/pure profit;
доля ~и в цене единицы товара profit margin per unit;
коэффициент валовой ~и gross profit ratio;
норма ~и rate of profit;
отчёт о ~ях и убытках profit-and-loss report;
понижение нормы ~и fall of rate of profit;
сверхприбыль superprofit;
участие в ~ях profit sharing;
~ до уплаты налога profit before tax;
~ за вычетом налогов after-tax profit;
~ на бумаге paper profit;
~ от реализации нововведения innovational profit;
~ от производственной деятельности operating profit;
~ на единицу продукции unit profit;
давать ~ produce/yield a profit;
извлекать ~ derive/gain a profit;
обеспечивать ~ ensure a profit;
приносить ~ produce a profit;
распределять ~ distribute/allot a profit;
2. (увеличение) increase, increment;
~ населения the increase of population;
~ьность ж. эк. profitability, efficiency, lucrativeness;
коэффициент ~ьности margin of profit;
~ьность операций operation profitability;
~ьный profitable, lucrative, paying;
~ьное предприятие profitable enterprise;
~ьное дело profitable affair/business. -
10 capacity
n1) вместимость, емкость, объем2) способность3) компетенция; должность, положение4) юр. правоспособность; дееспособность5) мощность; производительность; выработка
- absorbing capacity
- absorptive capacity
- accumulating capacity
- active capacity
- aggregate capacity
- annual capacity
- available capacity
- average capacity
- bale capacity
- borrowing capacity
- bunker capacity
- business capacity
- buying capacity
- cargo capacity
- cargo-carrying capacity
- carrying capacity
- channel capacity
- competitive capacity
- consuming capacity
- contractual capacity
- credit capacity
- cubic capacity
- daily capacity
- deadweight capacity
- deadweight carrying capacity
- deadweight loading capacity
- delivery capacity
- designed capacity
- discharge capacity
- disposing capacity
- dual capacity
- earning capacity
- effective capacity
- enterprise capacity
- estimated capacity
- excess capacity
- expected annual capacity
- factory capacity
- field capacity
- financial capacity
- freight capacity
- freight-carrying capacity
- freight-hauling capacity
- fresh capacity
- full operating capacity
- grazing capacity
- growth capacity
- guaranteed capacity
- handling capacity
- hourly capacity
- idle capacity
- indicated capacity
- industrial capacity
- labour capacity
- land capacity
- legal capacity
- lending capacity
- limited legal capacity
- load capacity
- load-carrying capacity
- load-lifting capacity
- machine capacity
- manufacturing capacity
- market capacity
- maximum capacity
- memory capacity
- milking capacity
- net capacity
- nominal capacity
- operating capacity
- operational capacity
- output capacity
- overload capacity
- paying capacity
- peak capacity
- planned capacity
- plant capacity
- plough capacity
- population carrying capacity
- port capacity
- practical capacity
- producing capacity
- production capacity
- productive capacity
- profit-earning capacity
- project capacity
- projected capacity
- purchasing capacity
- rated capacity
- readily convertible capacities
- relative capacity
- reserve capacity
- seating capacity
- spare capacity
- specific capacity
- spending capacity
- standard capacity
- storage capacity
- store capacity
- surplus capacity
- tank capacity
- taxable capacity
- theoretical capacity
- total capacity
- traffic capacity
- transport capacity
- ultimate capacity
- unused capacity
- useful capacity
- warehousing capacity
- working capacity
- yearly capacity
- yielding capacity
- capacity for growth
- capacity for work
- capacity of a car
- capacity of a plant
- capacity per unit
- capacity to contract a loan
- capacity to incur liability
- capacity to pay
- capacity to work
- in a consultative capacity
- in a managerial capacity
- in an official capacity
- in a professional capacity
- in a supervisory capacity
- in an unofficial capacity
- achieve the guaranteed capacity
- attain the guaranteed capacity
- operate at full capacity
- raise competitive capacity of goods
- reach the designed capacity
- reach the guaranteed capacity
- work at capacity
- work to capacity
- work below capacityEnglish-russian dctionary of contemporary Economics > capacity
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11 economy
n1) хозяйство, экономика2) экономия, бережливость3) ( economies) экономия, сбережения
- advanced economy
- agricultural economy
- atomistic economy
- backward economy
- barter economy
- black economy
- burgeoning informal economy
- business economy
- capitalist economy
- cash economy
- city economy
- closed economy
- command economy
- commercial economy
- commodity economy
- competitive economies
- controlled economy
- decentralized exchange economy
- defence economy
- dependent economy
- developed economy
- developing economy
- dire economy
- directed economy
- diversified economy
- domestic economy
- engineering economy
- exchange economy
- external economies
- farm economy
- free enterprise economy
- global economy
- grain economy
- home economy
- industrial economy
- integrated economy
- internal economies
- international economy
- local economies
- managed economy
- market economy
- market-directed economy
- market-driven economy
- mature economy
- maximum economy
- military economy
- mixed economy
- multi-branch economy
- municipal economy
- national economy
- natural economy
- open economy
- payable economy
- paying economy
- planned economy
- political economy
- profitable economy
- rigid economy
- rural economy
- scale economies
- self-subsistent peasant economy
- shadow economy
- sick economy
- single crop economy
- stable economy
- stagnant economy
- stationary economy
- steady economy
- struggling economies
- thriving economy
- transition economy
- underground economy
- unstable economy
- well-balanced economy
- world economy
- economy of abundance
- economy of funds
- economies of regions
- economies of scale
- economy of scarcity
- economies of scope
- economy of space
- economy of time
- boost the economy
- ensure economy
- introduce economies
- promote the regional economy
- regenerate the economy
- reorganize the economy
- restruct the economy
- restructure the economy
- revitalize the economy
- revive the economyEnglish-russian dctionary of contemporary Economics > economy
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12 business
1. n дело, постоянное занятие, специальность2. n дело, работаbusiness hours — рабочие часы, часы работы
to get down to business — взяться за дело, взяться за работу
you call it pleasure, I call it business — вы называете это развлечением, я же считаю это работой
what is your business here? — зачем вы сюда пришли?; что вам здесь надо?
dispatch of business — разрешение дел; отправление функций
3. n повестка дняother business — разное, прочие вопросы
4. n дело, обязанность, долг, назначение; круг обязанностейwhat business is that of yours? — какое ваше дело?, что вы вмешиваетесь?
5. n торговля, коммерческая деятельность, бизнесbusiness failure — банкротство, крах
business depression — застой в торговле; экономическая депрессия; экономический кризис
to go into business — заняться торговлей, стать торговцем
to do business — заниматься коммерцией, быть коммерсантом
business week — "Бизнес уик"
6. n торговое дело, коммерческое предприятие, фирмаbanking business — банковское дело, банк
business problem — коммерческая задача; экономическая задача
despatch of business — разрешение дел; отправление функций
7. n торговая, коммерческая сделка8. n разг. дело, вопрос, случай9. n театр. игра, мимикаthis part has a good deal of comic business as played by him — он вносит комический элемент в исполнение этой роли
10. n театр. актёрские атрибуты, приспособления11. n театр. уст. отношения, связи12. n театр. уст. занятость; усердие13. n театр. амер. клиентура, покупатели; публика14. n театр. эвф. «серьёзное дело»«занятие», проституция
no monkey business! — без фокусов!, без глупостей!
business as usual — замалчивание трудностей или проблем;
crook business — тёмное дело, афера
Синонимический ряд:1. commercial (adj.) commercial; industrial; mercantile2. affair (noun) affair; affairs; concern; concerns; interest; lookout; matter; matters; occasions; palaver; palavers; shooting match; thing; things3. barter (noun) bargaining; barter; negotiation; traffic4. commerce (noun) commerce; custom; exchange; industry; job; livelihood; patronage; production; racket; sector; trade; transaction5. company (noun) company; corporation; enterprise; establishment; firm; house; operation; outfit; partnership; station; syndicate6. doodad (noun) dingus; dofunny; doodad; doohickey; gadget; gizmo; jigger; rigamajig; thingum; thingumajig; thingumbob; thingummy7. function (noun) duty; function; office; position; province; role8. occupation (noun) calling; craft; employment; line; occupation; profession; pursuit; specialty; venture; vocation; workАнтонимический ряд:hobby; inactivity; leisure; unemployment -
13 concern
1. n отношение, касательство2. n беспокойство, забота, тревога3. n участие, интерес4. n дело, фирма, предприятие; концерн5. n доля, пай; участие6. n важность, значение7. n дела8. n арх. разг. вещь, штукаthe hackney-coach is a great square concern — шестиместная карета — это такая огромная квадратная штуковина
9. v касаться; описывать10. v касаться, затрагивать, иметь касательство, отношениеwhere the children are concerned — когда речь, идёт о детях
to whom it may concern — тем, кого это касается;
11. v беспокоить, волновать; заботить12. v интересоваться, заниматьсяconcern oneself with — иметь дело; заниматься; быть связанным с
Синонимический ряд:1. affair (noun) affair; business; duty; job; lookout; matter; occasions; palaver; part; shooting match; thing2. anxiety (noun) anxiety; apprehension; burden; fear; problem; thought; worry3. care (noun) care; carefulness; concernment; consciousness; disquiet; disquietude; heed; heedfulness; trouble; unease; uneasiness4. company (noun) company; corporation; enterprise; establishment; firm; house; office; outfit; partnership5. gadget (noun) gadget; gimmick; gizmo; jigger; widget6. importance (noun) appropriateness; association; bearing; connection; importance; reference; relation7. interest (noun) curiosity; interest; interestedness8. moment (noun) consequence; import; moment; significance; weight; weightiness9. regard (noun) considerateness; consideration; notice; regard; solicitude; thoughtfulness10. uncertainty (noun) doubt; doubtfulness; dubiety; dubiosity; dubitancy; incertitude; mistrust; query; skepticism; suspicion; uncertainty; uncertitude; wonder11. affect (verb) affect; apply to; belong to; depend upon; implicate; include; interest; pertain to; relate to; touch12. apply (verb) appertain; apply; bear on; involve; pertain; refer; relate13. be interested in (verb) be engaged in; be interested in; be involved in; be occupied with14. worry (verb) ail; bother; care; disconcert; disquiet; distress; disturb; perturb; preoccupy; trouble; worryАнтонимический ряд:comfort; indifference
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